Back pain is one of the most common medical complaints, and many patients improve with conservative care. Physical therapy, medications, and injections are often effective for acute or mild conditions. However, some patients continue to experience persistent pain despite appropriate treatment. When conservative back pain treatment fails, further evaluation may be necessary to identify the [...]

Patients considering spine surgery are often presented with two commonly discussed options: spinal fusion and artificial disc replacement. While both procedures are designed to relieve pain and restore function, they are fundamentally different in how they treat the spine and in which patients benefit most from each approach. Understanding the differences between spinal fusion and [...]